The man’s impact on the environment fall into two broad categories
• Direct or the intentional impacts
• Indirect or Unintentional impacts.
Direct or the intentional impacts are preplanned and premeditated because man is aware of the consequences, both positive and negative of any programme which is launched to change or modify the natural environment for economic development of region concerned. Such changes include land use ( clearing of forests and burning of grassland for crop cultivation, falling of trees for commercial purposes, changes in cropping pattern in relation to new farming techniques, new high yielding seeds, irrigational facilities, etc.), constructions of dams, reservoirs and canals, diversion and manipulation of river channel, construction of embankments and dykes to protect the area from floods, construction of roads and bridges, increase in urbanization, mining, drilling of minerals oils, etc.,withdrawal of groundwater , agricultural practices( mechanization of agriculture, use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides) weather modification programmes ( cloud seeding to induce precipitation, dispersal and clearing of clouds and fogs, checking of hailstorm), nuclear programmes, etc. It is significant to point out that the effects of such anthropogenic changes in the natural environment are noticeable within short period and may continue to effect the environment for the long time but these effects are reversible because before and after studies may enable the man to set the adverse effects right to certain extent if so intended by making changes in the initial programmes. The atomic energy explosions and the flying of super-sonic aero planes have led to the depletion of ozone layer in the upper atmosphere. The danger of leakage of nuclear radiations from nuclear power plants and of various poisonous chemicals from various chemical industries is always there. The indirect or the unintentional impacts of human on the environment are not preplanned or premeditated and these arise from those human activities which are directed to accelerate the pace of economic growth, especially industrial development. Though such economic activities may be economically important but the after-effects are certainly socially undesirable. The indirect impacts of human economic activities on the environment are not immediately noticeable because of time lag between the effects of economic activities bring in slow rate of changes of moderate nature in a few components of the ecosystem and these changes take long time to cross the sensitivity of the system. Sometimes, such effects are not reversible and therefore it becomes difficult to identify and evaluate them. These effects may change the overall natural system and the chain effects sometimes become suicidal for human being. Majority of the indirect impacts of human activities on the environment are related to pollution and environmental degradation. Urbanization, industrial expansion and land use changes very often change weather and climate though in long term perspective. Economic activities of man are capable of affecting the heat balance of the earth and its atmosphere which in turn transforms weather and climate at regional and global scales. Some of the ill effects of the industrial revolution or technological revolution are:
• Industrial revolution has led to bio-concentration of pesticides in the bodies of human beings and animals.
• Industrial revolution is using-up the earth’s neural called metal ores at a very fast rate.
• Industrial revolution has depleted the ozone layer of upper atmosphere to some extent which results in the global warming.
• Industrial revolution has increased pollution in air, water and soil.
• Industrial revolution is eating up the fossil fuels at a very rapid rate.
• Industrial revolution has led to large scale cutting of the forests i.e. deforestation.In fact man changes the atmospheric conditions through.
• Changes in the natural gaseous of the atmosphere mainly in the lower part.
• Changes in the water vapour content of the troposphere and the stratosphere through direct (cloud seeding) and indirect means (deforestation).
• Changes and alteration of land surfaces (deforestation, mining, urbanization, etc.).
• Introduction of aerosols in the lower atmosphere.
• Released of additional heat in the atmosphere (From urban and industrial sources), etc.
• Direct or the intentional impacts
• Indirect or Unintentional impacts.
Direct or the intentional impacts are preplanned and premeditated because man is aware of the consequences, both positive and negative of any programme which is launched to change or modify the natural environment for economic development of region concerned. Such changes include land use ( clearing of forests and burning of grassland for crop cultivation, falling of trees for commercial purposes, changes in cropping pattern in relation to new farming techniques, new high yielding seeds, irrigational facilities, etc.), constructions of dams, reservoirs and canals, diversion and manipulation of river channel, construction of embankments and dykes to protect the area from floods, construction of roads and bridges, increase in urbanization, mining, drilling of minerals oils, etc.,withdrawal of groundwater , agricultural practices( mechanization of agriculture, use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides) weather modification programmes ( cloud seeding to induce precipitation, dispersal and clearing of clouds and fogs, checking of hailstorm), nuclear programmes, etc. It is significant to point out that the effects of such anthropogenic changes in the natural environment are noticeable within short period and may continue to effect the environment for the long time but these effects are reversible because before and after studies may enable the man to set the adverse effects right to certain extent if so intended by making changes in the initial programmes. The atomic energy explosions and the flying of super-sonic aero planes have led to the depletion of ozone layer in the upper atmosphere. The danger of leakage of nuclear radiations from nuclear power plants and of various poisonous chemicals from various chemical industries is always there. The indirect or the unintentional impacts of human on the environment are not preplanned or premeditated and these arise from those human activities which are directed to accelerate the pace of economic growth, especially industrial development. Though such economic activities may be economically important but the after-effects are certainly socially undesirable. The indirect impacts of human economic activities on the environment are not immediately noticeable because of time lag between the effects of economic activities bring in slow rate of changes of moderate nature in a few components of the ecosystem and these changes take long time to cross the sensitivity of the system. Sometimes, such effects are not reversible and therefore it becomes difficult to identify and evaluate them. These effects may change the overall natural system and the chain effects sometimes become suicidal for human being. Majority of the indirect impacts of human activities on the environment are related to pollution and environmental degradation. Urbanization, industrial expansion and land use changes very often change weather and climate though in long term perspective. Economic activities of man are capable of affecting the heat balance of the earth and its atmosphere which in turn transforms weather and climate at regional and global scales. Some of the ill effects of the industrial revolution or technological revolution are:
• Industrial revolution has led to bio-concentration of pesticides in the bodies of human beings and animals.
• Industrial revolution is using-up the earth’s neural called metal ores at a very fast rate.
• Industrial revolution has depleted the ozone layer of upper atmosphere to some extent which results in the global warming.
• Industrial revolution has increased pollution in air, water and soil.
• Industrial revolution is eating up the fossil fuels at a very rapid rate.
• Industrial revolution has led to large scale cutting of the forests i.e. deforestation.In fact man changes the atmospheric conditions through.
• Changes in the natural gaseous of the atmosphere mainly in the lower part.
• Changes in the water vapour content of the troposphere and the stratosphere through direct (cloud seeding) and indirect means (deforestation).
• Changes and alteration of land surfaces (deforestation, mining, urbanization, etc.).
• Introduction of aerosols in the lower atmosphere.
• Released of additional heat in the atmosphere (From urban and industrial sources), etc.
Posts
No comments:
Post a Comment